Which component is defined as the overall difference between air and bone thresholds?

The overall difference between air and bone thresholds in audiology is referred to as the conductive component. This concept highlights the distinction between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss. In cases where the air conduction threshold (the hearing ability with sound presented through the air) is poorer than the bone conduction threshold (the hearing ability when sound is delivered through the bones of the skull), it indicates that there is a conductive issue in the auditory pathway. This is because bone conduction tests bypass the outer and middle ear, directly stimulating the inner ear, whereas air conduction requires the sound to pass through these structures, which may be compromised.

Understanding this component is essential for audiologists and hearing aid dispensers as it aids in diagnosing the type of hearing loss present. A significant difference between these thresholds suggests that a conductive hearing loss might be present, while little to no difference would point towards a sensorineural component, where the issues lie more within the inner ear or auditory nerve rather than in the conductive pathways of the outer or middle ear.