What theory explains how the cochlea acts as a frequency analyzer?

The concept of how the cochlea functions as a frequency analyzer is best explained by Place Theory. This theory posits that different frequencies of sound activate specific locations along the basilar membrane of the cochlea. Higher frequency sounds stimulate hair cells located at the base, while lower frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the apex. This spatial arrangement allows the brain to decode the frequency of a sound based on which part of the cochlea is activated, effectively allowing for the distinction of various pitches in what we hear.

Place Theory is fundamental in understanding how the cochlea segregates sounds, which is crucial for recognizing complex sounds such as human speech or music. By mapping frequencies to specific locations, it provides a clear explanation of how different tones can be perceived distinctly, making it an essential aspect of auditory processing.